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Issues relating to sustainable aquaculture feeds are growing in importance and pose significant threats and opportunities to the seafood supply chain, according to a report published by the Sustainable Fisheries Partnership (SFP). The report - based on data from the SFP fisheries database Fishsource, a telephone survey with key stakeholders and extensive web research ¬concludes there is a high level of activity around the issue including:

• the emergence of individual policies on aquaculture feed by retailers, including the direct prohibition of fish meal and oil derived from certain fisheries;
• a renewed enthusiasm among campaign groups to engage on the issue;
• the development of aquaculture certification standards that will incorporate criteria for the sustainability of feed fisheries along with business-to-business systems to give assurance on the sustainability of fish stocks

The report identifies real threats to stakeholders, including:
• confusion around the final certification standards that will emerge in the marketplace;
• a danger for retailers and processors that have corporate commitments to source seafood from fisheries certified by the Marine Stewardship Council (MSC) they will source aquaculture products fed on non-MSC fish. These circumstances are likely to lead to attacks by campaign groups and charges of "blue-washing" ¬publicly claiming to have high sustainability standards for wild-caught fish while selling aquaculture products fed on fish from unsustainable fisheries;
• reputational risks for all parts of the aquaculture supply chain from using feeds derived from fisheries that are the target of campaign; for instance, northern blue whiting;
• confusion among campaign groups about the role of the MSC in assuring sustainable aquaculture feeds. Some are pressing for the fish content of feeds to only come from MSC-certified fisheries, while others are actively working to stop MSC certifying any further forage fisheries that supply fish meal and oil;
• real practical difficulties in achieving visibility down the entire aquaculture supply chain. Retailers and processors might be in a position where different species meet different certification standards causing problems for those organisations that need to maintain consistency across their sustainability communications.

The report makes three recommendations for businesses currently attempting to understand this complex issue:
• achievement of a good working knowledge of the entire supply chain, including the origin of marine species used in feed formulations;
• adoption of specific policies around aquaculture, particularly feed ingredients, and communicating these policies to other stakeholders;
• playing an active role in creating pressure for the improvement of aquaculture sustainability, particularly the management of fisheries that provide fish meal and oil.

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